Weekly Post for February 12th

Recent US History
We will continue Black History Month this week by studying Civil Rights Protests.  Vocabulary quiz Friday. Notebook Check Friday.
1. Boycott
2. Children’s March
3. Claudette Colvin
4. Eugene Connor
5. John Lewis
6. Letter from a Birmingham Jail
7. Montgomery Improvement Association
8. Rosa Parks
9. SCLC
10. Sit-ins
11. SNCC
12. George Wallace

US History
We will continue Black History Month this week by studying African American culture and achievement in the 1920s-1930s.  Vocabulary quiz Friday.  RAFTS due Tuesday February 20th (MAJOR GRADE)
1. “Black and Tans”
2. Chicago
3. Cotton Club
4. Duke Ellington
5. Harlem Renaissance
6. Jazz Age
7. Langston Hughes
8. Louis Armstrong
9. movies
10. New Orleans
11. New York City
12. radio

APUSH
We will continue Period VII this week studying African American culture and achievement in the 1920s-1930s.  New Vocabulary quiz Friday. McClure's Magazine due Friday 3:30- NO LATE WORK ACCEPTED

Imperialism

1. Alaska was acquired when the United State negotiated the Purchase (also known as Seward's Folly) with the Russians in 1867 for $7.2 million. It loosely governed by the military initially, and was administered as a district starting in 1884, with a governor appointed by the President of the United States. Miners and prospectors climb the Chilkoot Trail during the 1898 Klondike Gold Rush.
Starting in the 1890s and stretching in some places to the early 1910s, gold rushes brought thousands of miners and settlers. European immigrants from Norway and Sweden also settled in the southeast, where they entered the fishing and logging industries.
2. Alfred Mahan was an American naval officer and historian, educated at the U.S. Naval Academy. He served over 40 years in the Navy. He is most famous for his book The Influence of Sea Power on History which defined naval strategy. Je stressed the importance of sea power in the world. His philosophies had a major influence on the growth of navies of many nations.
3. Annexation is the administrative action and concept in international law relating to the forcible transition of one state's territory by another state. It is generally held to be an illegal act. It is distinct from conquest, which refers to the acquisition of control over a territory involving a change of sovereignty. It usually follows military occupation of a territory.
4. Boxer Rebellion was a group of Chinese revolutionaries that despised western intervention in China. The rebellion resulted in the deaths of thousands of converted Chinese Christians, missionaries, and foreign legions. It took 5 countries' armies and four months to stop the rebellion.
5. Dollar Diplomacy was President William Howard Taft's foreign policy which replaced "bullets with dollars." The policy involved investors instead of the military. In the policy, American investors would get poorer nations into debt, and then have a bit of economic leverage against those nations. It eventually worked better in Latin America than China.
6. Emilio Aguinaldo was a revolutionary Filipino who commanded his Filipino troops to help American George Dewey to acquire Manila from Spain. He later led Filipinos against the U.S. in 1899 because of their denied freedom after the war.
7. Foraker Act of 1900 set up a Legislative Assembly in Puerto Rico that dealt with their domestic affairs. In 1917, the same act gave the Puerto Ricans United States citizenship.
8. George Dewey was commander of the Pacific fleet of American ships in the Spanish-American War. He attacked the Philippines when war was declared by the U.S. and crushed the Spanish fleet there.
9. Great White Fleet was the popular nickname for the powerful United States Navy battle fleet that completed a journey around the globe from 16 December 1907, to 22 February 1909, by order of United States President Theodore Roosevelt. Its mission was to make friendly courtesy visits to numerous countries, while displaying America's new naval power to the world. It consisted of 16 battleships divided into two squadrons, along with various escorts. Roosevelt sought to demonstrate growing American martial power and blue-water navy capability. Hoping to enforce treaties and protect overseas holdings, the United States Congress appropriated funds to build American naval power. Beginning in the 1880s with just 90 small ships, over one-third of them wooden and therefore obsolete, the navy quickly grew to include new modern steel fighting vessels. The hulls of these ships were painted a stark white, giving the armada the nickname "Great White Fleet".
10. Guam was transferred to the United States Navy control on December 23, 1898, by Executive Order 108-A from 25th President William McKinley. Guam came to serve as a station for American merchant and warships traveling to and from the Philippines (another American acquisition from Spain) while the Northern Mariana Islands were sold by Spain to Germany for part of its rapidly expanding German Empire, then following the German defeat in World War I (1914-1918) became a League of Nations Mandate in 1919 with the nearby Empire of Japan as the mandatory ("trustee") as a member nation of the victorious Allies in the "Great War". A U.S. Navy yard was established at Piti in 1899, and a United States Marine Corps barracks at Sumay in 1901.
11. Hawaii was granted self-governance in 1900 and retained ʻIolani Palace as the territorial capitol building. Despite several attempts to become a state, Hawaii remained a territory for 60 years. Plantation owners and capitalists, who maintained control through financial institutions such as the Big Five, found territorial status convenient because they remained able to import cheap, foreign labor. Such immigration and labor practices were prohibited in many states.
12. John Hay was the Secretary of State in 1899. He dispatched the Open Door Note to keep the countries that had spheres of influence in China from taking over China and closing the doors of trade between China and the U.S. He began the Open Door Policy.
13. Jose Marti demonstrated an anti-imperialist attitude from an early age, and was conscious of the perceived danger the United States posed for Latin America. While critiquing the United States for its stereotypes of Latin Americans and preoccupation with capitalism, Martí also related the American struggle for independence from Britain with the Cuban nationalist movement. At the same time, he recognized the advantages of the European or North American civilizations, which were open to the reforms that Latin American countries needed in order to detach themselves from the colonial heritage of Spain. Martí's distrust of North American politics had developed during the 1880s, due to the intervention threats that loomed on Mexico and Guatemala, and indirectly on Cuba's future. Over time Martí became increasingly alarmed about the United States' intentions for Cuba. The United States desperately needed new markets for its industrial products because of the economic crisis it was experiencing, and the media was talking about the purchase of Cuba from Spain. Cuba was a profitable, fertile country with an important strategic position in the Gulf of Mexico. Martí felt that the interests of Cuba's future lay with its sister nations in Latin America, and were opposite to those of the United States.
14. Pearl Harbor is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. It has been long visited by the naval fleet of the United States, before it was acquired from the Hawaiian Kingdom by the U.S. with the signing of the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is now a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the United States Pacific Fleet. The U.S. government first obtained exclusive use of the inlet and the right to maintain a repair and coaling station for ships here in 1887. The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Empire of Japan on December 7, 1941, was the immediate cause of the United States' entry into World War II.
15. Platt Amendment gave the U.S the right to take over the island of Cuba if that country entered into a treaty or debt that might place its freedom in danger. This amendment also gave the U.S. the right to put a naval base in Cuba to protect it (Guantanamo Bay) and the U.S holdings in the Caribbean. This amendment was resented very much by the Cubans and seemed to counteract the earlier Teller Amendment saying the Americans would grant freedom to Cuba after the war.
16. Protectorate, in its inception adopted by modern international law, is a dependent territory that has been granted local autonomy and some independence while still retaining the suzerainty of a greater sovereign state. In exchange for this, the protectorate usually accepts specified obligations, which may vary greatly, depending on the real nature of their relationship. Therefore, a protectorate remains an autonomous part of a sovereign state.
17. Puerto Rico became coveted by the US in the 1890s when Mahan suggested for the establishment of a large and powerful navy that called for the acquisition of colonies in the Caribbean, which would serve as coaling and naval stations.
18. Queen Liliuokalani was the first queen and last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, ruling from January 29, 1891, until the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii on January 17, 1893. The composer of "Aloha ʻOe" and numerous other works, she wrote her autobiography Hawaii's Story by Hawaii's Queen during her imprisonment following the overthrow.
19. Theodore Roosevelt was notorious for his impulsiveness and radical behavior. At 5’10”, he used his Big-Stick policy in dealing with foreign affairs. He was an instrumental part in building the Panama Canal and enforcing the rigid Roosevelt Corollary.
20. Roosevelt Corollary was an addition to the Monroe Doctrine. In it, Roosevelt stated that the U.S. would use the military to intervene in Latin American on behalf of Europe, if necessary.
21. Sanford Dole was a lawyer and jurist in the Hawaiian Islands as a kingdom, protectorate, republic and territory. A descendant of the American missionary community to Hawaii, Dole advocated the westernization of Hawaiian government and culture. After the overthrow of the monarchy, he served as the President of the Republic of Hawaii until his government secured Hawaii's annexation by the United States.
22. Valeriano Weyler was a Spanish General referred to as "Butcher" Weyler. He undertook to crush the Cuban rebellion by herding many civilians into barbed-wire concentration camps, where they could not give assistance to the armed insurrectionists. The civilians died in deadly pestholes. The "Butcher" was removed in 1897.
23. “White Man’s Burden” is a poem about the Philippine–American War (1899–1902), in which he invites the United States to assume colonial control of that country. Rudyard Kipling wrote "The White Man's Burden" to address and encourage the American colonization of the Philippine Islands, a Pacific Ocean archipelago conquered from Imperial Spain, in the three-month Spanish–American War (1898). In the poem, Kipling exhorts the reader and the listener to embark upon the enterprise of empire, yet gives somber warning about the costs involved; nonetheless, American imperialists understood the phrase The white man's burden to justify imperialism as a noble enterprise of civilization, conceptually related to the American philosophy of Manifest Destiny. The title and themes of "The White Man's Burden" ostensibly make the poem about Eurocentric racism and about the belief of the Western world that industrialization is the way to civilize the Third World.
24. William McKinley ran on the Republican ticket in the 1896 election and won the presidency while preaching a gold standard platform. He won again in 1900 and was assassinated in 1901.
25. William Seward was Secretary of State under Lincoln and Johnson and purchased Alaska in 1867 for $7.2 million. It was referred to as "Seward's Folly" or “Seward’s Icebox” then, before its oil reserves were known.